Theories of Human Personality and Nature.

Personality is one of the most important and Interesting Topics in the field of psychology. That’s why a separate branch of psychology has been emerged to study only this specific and complicated topic known as personality psychology. Psychologist has been studying this topic for the last fifty years and they have purpose a number of different theories and some of these theories became very famous and are still used today. In this article, we will discuss and Understand Different theories of Personality.

Before going to Discuss Personality theories, we will first understand what Theory is and what Personality is. The theory is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical reasoning to formulate a testable hypothesis. Personality is a very difficult and complicated topic and it cannot be proved scientifically. So the theory is unproved speculations about Reality. While Personality is a relatively stable set of characteristics and traits of a person. Personality is overall person behavior. There are four criteria and dimensions of good personality theory, these are Description, explanation, prediction, and Control. The most important one is that It must have some Application.

Here are some of the major theories of personality

Psychoanalysis:

Sigmund Freud is the founder of Psychoanalysis. According to him, there are three types of Personality. These are Id, Ego, and Superego. It is a type of personality which work on the pleasure principle, Superego follows the social and moral value and Ego is a bridge between id and superego, ego is actually decision-maker, it’s function is to watch reality and make a decision. Freud also explains three types of Mind, Conscious, Unconscious, and Sub-conscious. According to Sigmund Freud, our behavior is motivated by unconscious drives, repressed feelings, Childhood experiences, and Unfulfilled wishes. Our personality usually builds in childhood.

Humanistic Psychology:

Carl roger and Abraham Maslow is the main Psychologist of humanistic. According to the human personality and behavior are motivated by the fulfillment of certain Drives and needs and self-Actualization is the higher level of these needs. They also define the role of Freewill in Personality. Human personality is developed with the fulfillment and satisfaction of certain needs. These needs are physical needs, security needs, Love and belonging, Self-esteem, and Self Actualization.

Behaviorism:

B.F Skinner is the Founder of Behaviorism. According to behavioristic psychologists, the theory of learning is based on the idea that all behavior is acquired through Classical and operant Conditioning. Conditioning happens in Interaction with Environment. According to him, our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions. Behaviorists believed that any person can potentially be trained by performing tasks regardless of their Genetic background.

Cognitive Psychologist:

Albert Bundara is one of the famous Psychologists of this school of thought. According to Cognitive Psychologist, our personality and behavior are influenced by our thinking, Experiences, Observation, memory, and Schema. These cognitive processes unconsciously formed our personalities. For Example, If you experience difficulty and pain in your life then you will handle simple problems and pain in your life as compared to a person who never faced any pain and difficulty.

Trait’s theory of Personality:

This is one of the best and famous theories of personality. Gordon Allport is the founder of this theory. According to Gordon Allport, human personality is dynamic, growing, and changing throughout one’s life. Personality is the combination of mental and physical functioning. Psychologists of this perspective define personality in terms of different traits. Big 5 personality trait theory has become very famous. These traits are represented by Acyrom OCEAN. These are Openness to experience, Conscientious, Extroversion-Introversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.