Sensation and perception are two different processes, But they are closely related to each other. Sensation is the input that we take from the external environment through our sensory receptors and the perception is the organization and interpretation of these information by brain. When we sense something through our sensory organs, these information store in our memory and this memory help us to perceive things and experiences. For Example: When child sense something from the environment. these sensory information store in his or her memory. Next time when he or she sense the same thing , then he will be able to perceive it. How we perceive different things also play an important role in our behavior and personality. Sensation and perception is very important concept in psychology.
Sensation:
Sensation is the process in which we received information from the external Environment. In Other words, The information that we receive through our sensory organ called sensation. The information we receive from environmental stimuli are from sensory organ. These organs are Ear, Eye, tongue, Skin and Nose. These sensations are hearing, vision, Smell, taste and touch.
Perception:
Perception is the experiences of our sensory organs. It involves in recognizing environmental stimuli and help us to take action in response to these stimuli. We gain information which are important for our survival through the process of perception. Perception includes the five senses: Touch, Sight, sound, smell and touch. It involve a cognitive processes required to process information e.g. memory such as recognizing the face of a friend.
Types:
Some of the main types of perceptions includes
- Vision
- Touch
- Sound
- Taste
- Smell
Steps in perceptual process
- The Environmental stimulus.
- The Attended stimulus
- The image on the retina
- Transduction
- Neural processing
- Perception
- Recognition
- Action.
Environmental Stimulus:
The world is full of different stimulus and we perceive these stimulus through our sensory organ. Everything in this world is a environmental stimulus that has potential to be perceived.
The Attended stimulus:
The attended stimulus is anything in the environment that attract our attention and focus.
The Image on the retina:
This involve the light passing through our cornea, pupils and onto the lens of eye. The cornea help focus on the light and it make an inverted image on the wall of retina.
Transduction:
Then image on the retina is transferred into an electrical signal is known as transduction. This allow visual message to transmitted into brain in order to interpret.
Neural processing:
The electrical signal then converted into neural processing.
Perception:
In this step, We actually perceive stimulus in the Environment. In this point , you become consciously aware of environmental stimulus.
Recognition:
Perception don't involve just consciously aware of stimulus but It also involve to interpret and give meaning to stimulus. This process is called recognition.
Action:
It is the last perceptual process in which we take action on the Environmental stimuli. It involve motor action e.g. running toaward person in distress.
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